James Schoolcraft Sherman's photograph of Chief Red Cloud

Red Cloud, 1822-1909

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Red Cloud was born close to the forks of the Platte River, near the modern-day city of North Platte, Nebraska. His mother, Walks as She Thinks, was an Oglala Lakota and his father, Lone Man, was a Brulé Lakota leader. They came from two of the seven major Lakota divisions. As was traditional among the matrilineal Lakota, in which the children belonged to the mother's clan and people, Red Cloud was mentored as a boy by his maternal uncle, Old Chief Smoke (1774–1864). Old Chief Smoke played a m...

Gill, De Lancey, 1859-1940

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Illustrator, artist, and photographer, of Washington, D.C. During his long career with the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of American Ethnology, De Lancey Gill was responsible for taking thousands of remarkable portrait photographs of Native American tribal leaders on their visits to the capital. His work as an artist included drawings of Washington, D.C., scenes in the 1880s that captured a cityscape of dilapidated frame dwellings soon to disappear in a period of rapi...

Bell, C. M. (Charles Milton), ca. 1849-1893.

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